ONCEMRK Study: raltegravir 1200 mg QD vs 400 mg BID, with TDF/FTC

Cahn P. Lancet HIV, 2017;4:e486-94 ; Cahn P, JAIDS 2018;78:589-98

Type of ARV Trial
Head-to-head comparative trials for first line ART since 2006
» INSTI vs INSTI
» RAL 1200 QD vs 400 BID + FTC/TDF
Drugs
RAL, FTC/TDF, TDF, FTC

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  • In HIV-1 treatment-naive patients, RAL1200 mg (two 600 mg reformulated tablets) QD has potent and durable efficacy comparable
    to RAL 400 mg BID each in combination with TDF/FTC:
    • Statistically non-inferior antiretroviral activity of RAL 1200 mg QD compared to RAL 400 mg BID, with 88.9% achieving HIV RNA < 40 c/mL at W48 and 81.5% at W96
    • High and similar rates of virologic suppression, irrespective of baseline HIV RNA
    • Low frequency of RAL resistance (0.75%) in both treatment groups
    • Large increases in CD4 count (232 cells/mm3) comparable to RAL 400 mg BID (234 cells/mm3) at W48 (+ 262/mm3 at W96)
  • RAL 1200 mg QD was generally well tolerated
    • Overall safety profile similar to RAL 400 mg BID
  • Reformulated once-daily raltegravir offers a new potent, well tolerated, and convenient option for initial treatment of HIV infection

Design


* Randomisation was stratified by baseline HIV RNA ( < or > 100 000 c/mL) and viral hepatitis co-infection status
** Reformulated RAL 600 mg tablet

Objective

  • Non inferiority of RAL QD: % HIV RNA < 40 c/mL by ITT, NC=F (lower margin of the 2-sided 95% CI for the difference = - 10%, 90% power)

Baseline characteristics and patient disposition

HIV RNA < 40 c/mL (NC = F ; snapshot), % (95% CI) at W48

  • CD4/mm3 increase at W48 (observed failure): QD = + 232 vs BID = + 234 ; Δ -2(- 31 ; 27)

HIV RNA < 40 c/mL (NC = F ; snapshot), % (95% CI) at W96

  • % HIV RNA < 40 c/mL (observed failure approach)
    • Baseline HIV RNA > 100 000 c/mL: QD = 84.7% vs BID = 82.9% ; ≠ 1.8% (- 8.2 ; 13.6)
    • Baseline CD4 ≤ 200/mm3 : QD = 79.0% versus BID = 80.0% ; ≠ - 1.0% (- 17.2 ; 18.6)
  • CD4/mm3 increase at W96 + 262 (QD) versus + 262 (BID)

Virologic failure

  • Non response: did not achieve HIV RNA < 40 c/ mL by W24
  • Rebound: 2 consecutive measurements of HIV-1 RNA ≥ 40 c/mL at least 1 week apart after initial response of HIV RNA < 40 c/ mL

Resistance data at W96


* RAL 1200 mg QD: R to INSTI = N155H (N = 1), V151I + N155H (N = 1), L74M, + E92Q (N = 1), N155H + I203M (N = 1) ; R to NRTI = M184V (N = 3), M184M/I/V (N = 1)
** RAL 400 mg BID: R to INSTI: T97A + I203M (N = 1) ; L74I + N155H + I203M (N = 1) ; R to NRTI: M184V (N = 1), M184V + K65R (N = 1)
*** Resistance to FTC
**** Resistance to FTC and TDF

Clinical adverse events at W48, %

  • Between W48 and W96, only 1 additional patient (in the QD group) discontinued study drug for adverse event (not drug-related)